Research

Polarization

Interparty dislike is rising in the United States, but it's unclear whether this rise has been accompanied by a divergence in people's underlying ideology. In ongoing work, I propose a new measure of idological polarization in the American public and demonstrate its increase over the last several decades.

Public Ideological Polarization. Working paper. arXiv / 2512.00955.

Health Economics

Since college, I've worked as an RA on a project using social security death records and IRS tax returns to study the relationship between income, race, and life expectancy in the United States.

Evolution of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Life Expectancy in the United States., with Raj Chetty, Janet Currie, John Friedman, Ines Guix, Nathan Hendren, Hannes Schwandt, Michael Stepner, and others. In preparation.

Cryptography

In college, I helped develop a method for reporting abuse on private messaging apps that still maintains the guarantees of end-to-end encryption. I devised a way for users to keep their privacy until their messages are reported many times or by many different people.

Committee Moderation on Encrypted Messaging Platforms, with Nicholas Hopper. Extended abstract at IEEE S&P. arXiv / 2306.01241.

Private Threshold Content Reporting for Encrypted Messages, with Nicholas Hopper. In preparation.

Algorithms

At Carleton, I studied a generalization of the set-cover problem where—in addition to desirable "good" elements—the universe contains "bad" elements that one actively seeks to avoid.

Maximizing the Margin Between Desirable and Undesirable Elements in a Covering Problem, with Sophie Boileau, Andrew Hong, David Liben-Nowell, Anna N. Rafferty, and Charlie Roslansky. Under review. arXiv / 2507.03817.